Vitis vinifera
Why is it risky?
The exact nephrotoxic compound in grapes and raisins has not been definitively identified, but both are well-documented causes of acute kidney failure in cats and dogs. Raisins are more dangerous per gram due to concentration. Individual sensitivity varies considerably, some animals appear unaffected while others develop life-threatening toxicity from a single grape.
Affected Systems
Kidneys
Symptoms
Vomiting within 6–12 hours, diarrhea, lethargy, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, followed by decreased urination and signs of kidney failure within 24–72 hours.
What To Do
Emergency vet visit regardless of amount ingested. Time is critical, early IV fluid support significantly protects kidney function. Inducing vomiting (if recent ingestion) may be performed by the vet.
Notes
Currants (Ribes spp.) are believed to carry similar risk. Also applies to grape juice, raisin-containing baked goods, trail mix, and wine. Recent research implicates tartaric acid as the possible nephrotoxin, though this is not yet fully confirmed.
Sources
→ ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center — aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/grape